As the coordinator of the High Performance Computing Center (Nacad) at COPPE/UFRJ, Alvaro Coutinho, presented advances in AI in Engineering and the importance of multidisciplinary research networks to address current issues in Scientific Machine Learning. Alvaro took the opportunity to highlight the need for Brazil to invest in high performance computing capacity.

The country’s sovereignty needs autonomy in producing ML advances, which depends on HPC support at the Universities and Research Centers. Brazil has nine machines in the Top 500 list of the most powerful computer systems in the world, but almost all at Petrobras company, and Universities need much more. ML is well-known to require HPC, when combined to scientific computer simulations it becomes essential.

The conventional notion of ML involves training an algorithm to automatically discover patterns, signals, or structures that may be hidden in huge databases and whose exact nature is unknown and therefore cannot be explicitly programmed. This field may face two major drawbacks: the need for a significant volume of (labelled) expensive to acquire data and limitations for extrapolating (making predictions beyond scenarios contained in the trained data difficult).

Considering that an algorithm’s predictive ability is a learning skill, current challenges must be addressed to improve the analytical and predictive capacity of Scientific ML algorithms, for example, to maximize its impact in applications of renewable energy. References [1-5] illustrate recent advances in Scientific Machine Learning in different areas of engineering and computer science.

References:

[*] https://www.coppe.ufrj.br/pt-br/planeta-coppe-noticias/noticias/coppe-e-sociedade-especialistas-debatem-os-reflexos-da-inteligencia

[1] Baker, Nathan, Steven L. Brunton, J. Nathan Kutz, Krithika Manohar, Aleksandr Y. Aravkin, Kristi Morgansen, Jennifer Klemisch, Nicholas Goebel, James Buttrick, Jeffrey Poskin, Agnes Blom-Schieber, Thomas Hogan, Darren McDonaldAlexander, Frank, Bremer, Timo, Hagberg, Aric, Kevrekidis, Yannis, Najm, Habib, Parashar, Manish, Patra, Abani, Sethian, James, Wild, Stefan, Willcox, Karen, and Lee, Steven. Workshop Report on Basic Research Needs for Scientific Machine Learning: Core Technologies for Artificial Intelligence. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.2172/1478744.

[2] Brunton, Steven L., Bernd R. Noack, and Petros Koumoutsakos. “Machine learning for fluid mechanics.” Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 52 (2020): 477-508.

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RISC2 was responsible for the organization of the “HPC and Data Sciences meet Scientific Computing” workshop, on September 26, which gathered 15 participants. This workshop discussed different topics, such as Scientific Machine Learning, High Performance Scientific Computing, and Data Science. Álvaro Coutinho, Marta Mattoso (from COPPE/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro), Frédéric Valentin (from the National Laboratory for Scientific Computing), Luc Giraud, Stéphane Lanteri, and Patrick Valduriez (from Inria) were the organizers of the workshop.

RISC2 also organized a tutorial about physics-informed neural networks. Our partners from Brazil, Álvaro Coutinho and Romulo Montalvão, from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, António Tadeu Gomes and Frédéric Valentin, from the National Laboratory for Scientific Computing, were the instructors of the session.

Our partners Carlos Barrios, from the Universidad Industrial de Santander, was one of the General Chairs of the Conference. “With 130 participants from all over the world, CARLA 2022 was a space of “rediscover” (to rediscover us) after two years in virtual mode. More than the scientific tracks and the panels, CARLA 2022 allowed us to discuss the challenges and the strengthening of collaboration between the partners (old and new)”, says Carlos Barrios.

Various RISC2 members also gave different presentations. Alba Cervera-Lierta, from the Barcelona Supercomputing Center, was one of the Keynote Speakers of the CARLA Conference, with a presentation about Quantum Computing. Esteban Meneses, from CeNAT, participated in a presentation about “Implementing a GPU-Portable Field-Line Tracing Application with OpenMP Offload”. Pablo Mininni, from the University of Buenos Aires, was responsible for one of the invited talks about “Multi-level parallelisation of computational fluid dynamics codes using CUDA, MPI and OpenMP.”

CARLA is an international conference that provides a forum to foste the growth and strength of the HPC community in Latin America through the exchange and dissemination of new ideas, techniques, and research in HPC and its application areas.

Also during the conference, the RISC2 members had a networking meeting with the SCALAC members, reinforcing the partnership with the SCALAC network.

About CARLA 2022:

“CARLA 2022 was a space of “rediscover” (to rediscover us) after two years in virtual mode. More than the scientific tracks and the panels, CARLA 2022 allowed us to discuss the challenges and the strengthening of collaboration between the partners (old and new)”.

Carlos Barrios Hernandez,  Universidad Industrial de Santander

“Having the RISC2 project supporting a networking dinner in CARLA was crucial in building up the next research collaboration we want to have in the region. I am thoroughly satisfied with the experience of connecting with European and Latin American peers”.

Esteban Meneses, CeNAT

“Among the most important elements, I can highlight the quality and variety of paper presented. This indicates to me that the Latin American HPC community is growing and getting stronger. In addition, I was able to notice efforts to generate relations between Europe and Latin America through the RISC2 project”.

Elvis Rojas Ramírez, CeNAT

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“Jack Dongarra’s contributions to the fields of computational science and high-performance computing are fundamental for the advancement of advanced computing in the exascale era”, says Alvaro Coutinho.

This initiative took place under a Seminar Cycle, promoted by PESC/Coppe, which aims to bring accessible lectures given by experienced researchers and professors to a wider audience who works in the HPC field in Brazil. The talk is in Portuguese, and it is available in YouTube at the link: https://youtu.be/zGbZic4c21o.

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This first online workshop gathered 20 participants each day to discuss the main challenges for such a convergence and present ongoing related works.  The workshop also aimed to foster more focused cooperation between partners.

The event was moderated by Stéphane Lanteri, from Inria, and had the participation of Daniele Lezzi, from Barcelona Supercomputing Center, António Tadeu Gomes and Kary Ocaña, from LNCC, José Moríñigo, from CIEMAT, Alvaro Coutinho, from Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Marta Mattoso, from COPPE/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, and Patrick Valduriez, from Inria.

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There are five domains of applications of interest to this working group:  Energy (in particular green and renewable energies), Smart Cities (AI-based modelling for the design of smart devices and IoT), Transport(green aviation), Climate (specifically climate change and weather forecast), and Health (particularly personalized medicine, epidemiology, cancer research, cardiology, drug design). Some of these domains have links with industry, while others are associated with research priorities of governmental academic organizations in Latin America and Europe.

Within this working group, there are three main actions in perspective:

-Organization of joint workshops and joint work between RISC2 partners through various bilateral programs;

-Organization of seminars and workshops with companies and research institutions to discuss their challenges, and let them know how RISC2 R&D can deliver innovative scientific solutions;

-Participation in proposals for joint projects in the Latin America area.

This working group was proposed by Inria, LNCC, UFRJ/COPPE, partners of the RISC2 project.

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CARLA is an international conference aimed at providing a forum to foster the growth and strength of the High-Performance Computing (HPC) community in Latin America through the exchange and dissemination of new ideas, techniques, and research in HPC and its applications areas. The general chair of the 2021 edition is Isidoro Gitler, from Cinvestav, who coordinates and participates in all the event’s activities.

Workshops

Different partners of the RISC2 were involved in the organization of the scientific workshops as part of the CARLA 2021 conference. Between seven workshops organized to this conference, two of them are from the RISC2 consortium. The workshop on HPC Collaboration between Europe and Latin America took place online, on October 5, 2021. The goal was to provide a space dedicated to exchange experiences, towards the promotion and support of new collaborations across different countries of Europe and Latin America, within the framework of the recently launched ‘A network for supporting the coordination of High-Performance Computing research between Europe and Latin America’ (RISC2). This workshop achieved a maximum number of 55 participants, with Pedro Vieira Alberto, from the University of Coimbra, as one of the Invited Speakers. Ulisses Cortés, from Barcelona Supercomputing Center, presented the RISC2 project, as an example of HPC collaboration between Europe and Latin America. The chairs of this event were Ulisses Cortés and Rafael Mayo-García, from CIEMAT.

Another workshop organized by the RISC2 team was the workshop on HPC an Energy, which was held online on October 4, with Álvaro Coutinho, from COPPE, as Chair. This workshop focused on HPC techniques applied to the energy sector, in order to improve and reform many industrial sectors. HPC can provide several solutions to the energy sector, e.g., oil and gas solutions in upstream, midstream, and downstream problems; improve wind energy performance; solve issues of combustion efficiency for transportation systems; making nuclear systems more efficient and safer; improving solar energy systems; optimizing wind energy systems; improving the quality and efficiency of seismic and geophysical simulations, etc.

It is important to mention that Ginés Guerrero, from NLHPC, was one of the chairs of workshops organized by CARLA 2021.

Tutorials

Carla Osthoff, from Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, was Tutorial Chair Member of the 11 tutorials that were accepted at the CARLA 2021. CARLA 2021 provided tutorials and hands-on workshops for both introductory and advanced levels, specifically designed to undergraduate and master students all over Latin- American countries. There were two different periods: Fundamental Tutorials, which included six different tutorials the week before CARLA 2021, and Advanced Tutorials, with five different tutorials held a week after CARLA 2021. CARLA 2021 Tutorials were supported by Latin American, Caribbean, and European institutions.
Esteban Mosckos, from the Universidad de Buenos Aires, was involved in the organization of two different tutorials: “OpenMP: Introduction to shared memory models” and “Introduction to Distributed Memory Models using MPI”. Both activities consisted of theory and hands-on exercises, lasting four hours, with close to 40 assistants each.

The NLHPC partner was also responsible for a tutorial focused on Working with a resource manager on an HPC infrastructure, for the use of SLURM. Two more tutorials were organized by NLHPC, including, the tutorial on Performance Analysis Tools, with the participation of one of the members of the NLHPC Scientific Committee, and the other on Quantum Computing, with the participation of IBM.

The CARLA 2021 conference had more than 30 institutions on the board committee and more than 115 in attendance, connected simultaneously.

All the videos are available here.

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